Ishi in Two Worlds Summary †History Essay

Ishi in Two Worlds Summary – History Essay Free Online Research Papers Ishi in Two Worlds Summary History Essay Ishi in two worlds is a story of a Wild Indian called Ishi. He was the last survivor of Yahi Indian tribe. Ishi was found in the coral of a slaughter house in 29th of August, 1911.Then somebody on the neighborhood Telephoned sheriff of that county, sheriff arrived and took the wild man in his custody. The sheriff took him to the Oroville county jail and locked him up. The poor wild man was very hungry and scared of white people. He had spent the last two-to-three years completely alone and was wearing traditional marks of mourning. The story of capture of wild man became the headline news in local valley papers and also reached San Francisco dailies. These stories were read by Prof Kroeber and Waterman, anthropologist at the University of California. They had particular interest in meeting this wild Indian because they already spent many days searching for wild Indians but they were always unsuccessful. After taking sheriff’s permission Waterman took him to San Francisco, university’s museum of anthropology. Ishi was a Yahi wild Indian and use to live in Mount Lassen, Sierra Nevada and use to speak Yana language. Yana language has the strange nicety of separate dialects for women and for men. Yana customs were different for male and female. The boys and girls were not allowed to play together or sleep in the same roof once they begin to mature, it was taboo for them. Infants of both sex were cared by the mother and with an elderly women of their family and once boy turns 10 years, he use to leave with his father or any other male relative to stay with them and to learn their skills. And the girl used to stay with her mother until she got married. The most essential food of Yahi Indians was acorn flour breads or mush. After acorns their most liked food was salmon, fresh or dried, deer meat, again fresh or dried, ducks and geese and different types of nuts and roots. In Yahi culture they use to burn dead people and afterwards collected their ashes and bones which they buried under a rock cairn to mark the grave and to keep away from animals. The destruction of Yana was started in year 1844, when a spate of land grants was made by the Mexican government in the Sacramento valley bordering on Yana country. In 1850, the Yana’s occupied 2,000 to 2,400 square miles of land recognized as their own, and then they spread in four different cultural groups in neighboring places. But, in 1872, only one group left out of four groups and that was the Yahi group. The Anglo- Saxons reversed the population of whites to Indians by coming in larger numbers as many as hundred thousand of them in single year. There were usually racist and they thought any skin other than white skin is inferior to them. They wanted to use Indians as slaves, laborer or concubine. So, white men started threatening and killing Indians. The ratios by meager Yana data shows that, one white person murdered for every thirty to fifty Indians. And the estimated numbers of kidnapping of Indian children by whites in California is and sold them as slaves or used them for cheap help; between the years 1852 and 1867 was three to four thousand. Every Indian women, girls and girl-child was been repeatedly raped and was forced into prostitution. The Caucasians also brought common diseases with them like measles, chicken pox, smallpox, tuberculosis, malaria, typhoid, dysentery, influenza, pneumonia and other transferable deadly diseases. This diseases killed number of Indians through several generations. After this destruction the Yana’s who were still alive started destroying white people out of revenge. Indians also started raiding white’s colonies for food and clothes. Against this the white people raided their villages and killed them brutally and hanged the m. By 1865 the northern, central, and southern Yana were abolished from the struggle and only the Yahi’s remained. After all these attack at last only five people managed to escape and survived, the small child Ishi, his cousin, other young boy from different family ,Ishi’s mother and a old man. All of them lived several years secretly, hiding from white people. The young boy with them died after sometime, he was sick and his mother and old man also died after several years due to old age. Then in other incident Ishi and his sister took different routes to escape, but unfortunately she never returned. Now, Ishi was the only wild Indian who survived and due to hunger and frustration he started searching for food and ended up in coral of a slaughter house. He was resting on the coral because he was very tired of walking from so long. From there his journey to white-mans world started. From the Oroville county jail, Waterman took him to San Francisco. From 1911-1916, Ishi lived at the Anthropology Museum of the University of California in San Francisco. In the museum he met Professor A. L. Kroeber, who would become his big chief. Later on Kroeber forced him to tell his Yahi name but he never revealed his own Yahi name. As he was unable to tell his name, Kroeber gave him a name called Ishi meaning â€Å"man† in Yana. Ishi’s lifestyle was changed as whit-men, he started wearing coats and later on boots and he liked them. Ishi got many friends in museum and some of them were very close to him. Few of his closest friends were Batwi who was his interpreter, Kroeber, Thomas.T.Waterman and Dr. Saxton Pope who lived next door to the museum. Next several weeks Kroeber and Ishi were at the museum on Sunday afternoons. Large amount of visitors use to come to see Ishi. Later on, Ishi was appointed as an assistant janitorial in museum at a salary of twenty-five do llars a month which was sufficient for his survival in city. Ishi use to make Indian tools for the museum and slowly with time, he also improved his English vocabulary. Government asked him if he want to go back to his native place or want to live with other Indian tribes. But he denied going back. He wanted to live like a white-man and died like them. He spends his next three years sharing his stories with Kroeber and others. He died on March 25, 1916 due to tuberculosis. And that was the end of last Yahi wild Indian. Research Papers on Ishi in Two Worlds Summary - History EssayWhere Wild and West Meet19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XThe Fifth HorsemanHip-Hop is ArtHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayThe Spring and AutumnPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyQuebec and CanadaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product

Chinas Physical Geography - A Diverse Landscape

Chinas Physical Geography - A Diverse Landscape Sitting on the Pacific Rim at 35 degrees North and 105 degrees East is the People’s Republic of China. Along with Japan and Korea, China is often considered part of Northeast Asia as it borders North Korea and shares a maritime border with Japan. But the country also shares land borders with 13 other nations in Central, South and Southeast Asia – including Afghanistan, Bhutan, Burma, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Vietnam. With 3.7 million square miles (9.6 square km) of terrain, China’s landscape is diverse and expansive. Hainan Province, China’s southernmost region is in the tropics, while Heilongjiang Province which borders Russia, can dip to below freezing. There are also the western desert and plateau regions of Xinjiang and Tibet, and to the north lies the vast grasslands of Inner Mongolia. Just about every physical landscape can be found in China. Mountains and Rivers Major mountain ranges in China include the Himalayas along the India and Nepal border, the Kunlun Mountains in the center-west region, the Tianshan Mountains in the northwest Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the Qinling Mountains that separates north and south China, the Greater Hinggan Mountains in the northeast, the Tiahang Mountains in north-central China, and the Hengduan Mountains in the southeast where Tibet, Sichuan and Yunnan meet. The rivers in China include the 4,000-mile (6,300 km) Yangzi River, also known as the Changjiang or the Yangtze, that begins in Tibet and cuts trough the middle of the country, before emptying into the East China Sea near Shanghai. It is the third longest river in the world after the Amazon and the Nile. The 1,200-mile (1900 km) Huanghe or Yellow River begins in the western Qinghai Province and travels a meandering route through North China to the Bohai Sea in Shangdong Province. The Heilongjiang or Black Dragon River runs along the Northeast marking China’s border with Russia. Southern China has the Zhujiang or Pearl River whose tributaries make a delta emptying into the South China Sea near Hong Kong. A Difficult Land While China is the fourth largest country in the world, behind Russia, Canada, and the United States in terms of landmass, only about 15 percent of it is arable, as most of the country is made of mountains, hills, and highlands. Throughout history, this has proven a challenge to grow enough food to feed Chinas large population. Farmers have practiced intensive agriculture methods, some of which have led to a great erosion of its mountains. For centuries China has also struggled with earthquakes, droughts, floods, typhoons, tsunamis, and sandstorms. It is no surprise then that much of Chinese development has been shaped by the land. Because so much of western China is not as fertile as other regions, most of the population lives in the eastern third of the country. This has resulted in uneven development where eastern cities are heavily populated and more industrial and commercial while the western regions are less populated and have little industry. Located on the Pacific Rim, Chinas earthquakes have been severe. The 1976 Tangshan earthquake in northeast China is said to have killed more than 200,000 people. In May 2008, an earthquake in southwestern Sichuan province killed nearly 87,000 people and left millions homeless. While the nation is just a bit smaller than the United States, China uses only one time zone, China Standard Time, which is eight hours ahead of GMT. A Poem About Chinas Land: At Heron Lodge For centuries the diverse landscape of China has inspired artists and poets. Tang Dynasty poet Wang Zhihuan’s (688-742) poem â€Å"At Heron Lodge† romanticizes the land, and also shows an appreciation of perspective: Mountains cover the white sun And oceans drain the yellow river But you can widen your view three hundred miles By ascending a single flight of stairs

Political Geography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Political Geography - Essay Example Perhaps the ultimate male adolescent fantasy about protecting the homeland from this era is presented for consumption in a movie titled â€Å"Red Dawn†. In short, the Commies (Russians and Cubans) invade America. A band of brave high school kids escape the clutches of the evil Reds and become freedom fighters somewhere in the Midwest. The expected roles of men and women are displayed perfectly in the film. Some freedom fighters evolve into bloodthirsty rebels while others maintain as much dignity as freedom fighters can maintain. The role of the only two women in the film is to give the men (boys?) something to protect while their subjection to sexual assault by the bad guys is subtly alluded to. The low point of the movie for the freedom fighters comes when they are no longer able to protect the women or themselves. The homeland appears lost, and it would be saving for the legends that spread far and wide about the brave exploits of this band of brothers. The women die, but this only serves to highlight the temporary weaknesses of the boys. Their real strength in saving the nation is in the manly ideals they instilled in others (who would hopefully do a better job protecting their women!). Though a bit tongue-in-cheek, this B-movie really does show a key interaction between gender politics and national politics during the cold war. Men desired women to do what they had always done during times of war. They wanted the home-fires burning while they went off to war. And for men, war meant combat and after that, opportunity for adulation and heightened levels of power. For women, the gender politics encouraged them to do much the same as they had during war time. The gender politics of the cold war dictated women sacrifice personal ambition for the good of the Nation stay home and pine away for their fighting men. Men were to sacrifice their lives for the good of the nation. One sacrifice was rewarded and the other was not.

Accounting project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Accounting project - Essay Example The strategy shifted sales from the future periods to the current quarter. In addition, the approach assumed a gross profit on the future sales, which resulted in the inflation of the earnings in 1997. Therefore based on the company-adopted strategy, Dunlap accelerated the company’s revenues by 18 percent. The management had adopted this plan to improve the stock prices, which would have resulted from good earnings reports presented by the company (Sondhi, & Taub, 2008). The increase in stock prices would assist in the acquisition of debt financing for the merging process. The bill and hold strategy adopted by the company provided incentives to the customers to make purchases whose delivery and billing was to happen in the future. The customers were not expected to pay for the goods until when the goods were delivered. Actual payments of the current period sales occurred in the preceding quarters. Therefore, the sales were recorded in the books of accounts as accounts receivables resulting in the increase of the accounts receivables expected by the company. The company avoided a significant shortfall in revenues, therefore, the continued using the bill and hold strategy in the preceding quarters. In this case income was not recognised at the point of sale rather it was recognised immediately the customer accepted the bill and hold conditions. Revenue may be earned during a period, but it is usually recognised at a point to fulfil the revenue recognition criteria, which is satisfied at the point of product delivery. Based on this revenue is recorded when there is certainty of the cash being received. Based on sunbeam’s case record of 1998 quarter first revenues were recorded in 1997 due to the fraudulent bill and hold strategy that they had adopted (Sondhi, & Taub, 2008). The sales revenue acquired in the first quarter of 1998 was used to offset futures that the company had borrowed to satisfy the bill and hold

Concussions in football Essay Example for Free

Concussions in football Essay Injuries in sports are bound to happen no matter what sport you are playing and you never know when an injury will occur. They just come with the territory and they can range from a cut to an injury that could end an athlete’s career or even worse lead to a death. A big problem in sports nowadays is that there are too many concussions in pro sports all the way down to young kids who are just starting to play a sport. Football in particular has received a lot of backlash about the safety of the sport because there tends to be more concussions in this sport than in any of the other major sports. With all this talk about concussions in football, it may become very hard to market the sport because of all the safety problems and this could lead to less participation. A concussion is when there is a blow to the head or body that causes a type of traumatic brain injury. It causes stretching, damaging the cells, and chemical changes to the brain. Basically, it is when your brain moves in the skull and hits the side of your skull. There are many different symptoms that the athlete can experience, but there are also symptoms that coaches and other players can observe if they believe someone may have a concussion. Symptoms that players experience include headaches, nausea or vomiting, dizziness or sensitivity to light and noise, and memory problems just to name a few. Symptoms that coaches can observe include glassy eyes, noticing the player is forgetting plays, answers slowly, and can’t recall what happened before or after the play. Dangers of receiving one or more concussions can include brain swelling or permanent brain damage and in some cases they can be fatal. There are also concussion danger signs, which include one pupil larger than the other, a headache that gets worse, convulsions or seizures, loss of consciousness and can’t be woken up, and can’t recognize people or places. There is no way to fully prevent concussions no matter what equipment you are wearing or how good you are. The best way to lower concussions is to teach the younger kids how to properly hit and not to use their head when tackling. Always emphasize that safety comes first. During the 2012-2013 NFL season, there were more than 160 players that had head injuries, but at the same time there were breakthroughs in brain research, a wrongful death lawsuit, and the President of the United States talked about head injuries that come along with playing football. The biggest play that would lead to concussions would be kickoffs, so this year they moved it up five yards for more touchbacks. By doing this, there was a 43 percent drop in head injuries during kickoffs. After doing this, the NFL donated $30 million to the National Institute of Health for research on head injuries. This is when all the head injuries started happening because they season was fully underway now. A Jacksonville Jaguars player suffered his second concussion on 9/30 and his second in as many weeks and his third total of the season. By receiving more and more concussions, this player is putting himself in danger of hurting himself for good. Boston University then did a study on former football players and found that there were 28 cases of CTE in players that have passed away, including 15 who played in the NFL. The most recent being Junior Seau who took many blows to the head over his career and they found that it was present in him when he committed suicide. With all these head injuries happening, it’s hard to hear the 4 in 5 NFL players don’t trust their team’s medical staff. On the upside, for the 2012 season, more concussions were being reported, which the NFL believes means teams are becoming more serious about head injuries. From practices, games, and preseason there were 154 concussions reported through week eight of the season. That was a 21 percent increase from the 127 reported in the same span for the 2009 season and a 34 percent increase from the 2008 season. It seems that every week, key players on teams are missing time on the field because they are having head injuries from their practices and games. The neck and spine committee of the NFL are continuing to meet to improve player safety and to make strides and lowering the number of concussions in the NFL. They are hoping that with the information they gain, players will now think twice about reporting head injuries and also look out for teammates that may have sustained a head injury and report it. They hope that they will stop playing through these injuries and start focusing on their own health. In November 2009, 30 out of 160 players surveyed said that they hid their symptoms or even said they weren’t as bad as they really were. New York Jets player Brodney Pool stated, â€Å"Thats one good thing (Commissioner) Roger Goodell and the NFL have been doing: The message is that if theres something wrong with a guy, especially a head injury, you dont want to rush a guy back or make a little mistake that could mess him up, possibly for life. † While players don’t trust their medical staff, the NFL is taking the right steps to increase player safety after a big hit. Next season every team will now study concussions using iPads during the games. This will help determine if a player suffered a concussion during the game. With this new app, trainers will now be able to do side by side tests of baseline and post injury tests to help determine when a player should be taken out of a game in real time. Along with this, each team will now have an independent neurological consultant on the sideline to help assist the trainers and physicians. These tests are very quick and only take between 6 and 8 minutes and will include the player’s concussion past and a 24-symptom checklist. Players will be given memory tests and will be asked the same question about 5 minutes later to see if they remember. The NFL wants the consultants to have full say in whether a player can re-enter the game because that’s what they are strictly there for, but they believe that this may not be the case. These tests still aren’t perfect, but the NFL is going in the right direction to keep players safe. This past off-season, the NFL has implemented new rules to help keep the players safe and to lower the concussion problem. One new rule is that players are now not allowed to deliver hard hits to opposing players with the crown of their helmet. New York Giants head coach Tom Coughlin said, â€Å"It does reinforce the importance of getting out in front of this before something tragic happens. † Even with the new rule, helmet companies are trying new technology to help stop concussions. They now test helmets by putting them on plastic dummies and hitting them with a machine to test how safe the helmets actually are when there is a blow to it. Three sensors in the helmet test how many G forces the helmet takes when the machinery hits it. The tests cover 12 different helmet locations on 5 different velocities on the impact of the helmet. In the last three years, there have been over 200 concussions in each season and they are trying to greatly reduce this number. The study has already collected over 350,000 impacts on the helmets that contain the sensors. They have discovered that it isn’t always the biggest hit, but where the hit occurs on the body and if there is repetition of the hit. Along with the study, the NFL has teamed up with the military and have taken ideas from them including different pad lining material, stiffness, and thickness to help prevent the brain from rattling in the skull. With the NFL being sued so much now by former players, they are now pushing harder than ever for research on the brain and equipment. This has jump started scientific studies, rule changes, and investments in research including the $100 million grant by the NFL Players Association to Harvard Medical School for a ten year study of players health. Even with all the new equipment and tests and safety precautions, parents are being hesitant to let their children play football because of the risks it comes with. Terry Bradshaw, a former NFL quarterback is the latest player to say he wouldn’t let his son play football if he had one. He stated, â€Å"If I had a son today, and I would say this to all our audience and our viewers out there, I would not let him play football. † He also believes that in the next decade soccer may pass football and that contact sports will slowly decrease. He also spoke about six concussions that completely knocked him out cold and how dangerous that can be. Another former NFL quarterback, Troy Aikman, has also said that he wouldn’t stop his son from playing the sport, but he wouldn’t encourage him to play. There are also NFL players in the league now they have said they wouldn’t want their son to play the sport because of the dangers. This includes Bart Scott, Adrian Peterson, and Ed Reed who are some of the top players in the league. This even caught the attention of the President who said he would not want his son to play football and even Tom Brady’s father has said that he would hesitate to let his son, 3-time Super Bowl Champion Tom Brady, play the sport. As of right now, more than 2,000 former NFL players are suing the NFL claiming that they were never told what the long term affects of concussions were. Concerned parents have even came out and said they wouldn’t let their son play or that they want to take them out of the sport and put them into a less physical sport. In a recent study, it is estimated that there are 2,000 NFL players, 100,000 college players, 1. 3 million high school players and 3. 5 million players in the youth leagues. Over the past few years, the number of players in youth leagues has slowly decrease because parents are scared for their sons safety. The study also found that in youth leagues, most of the head injuries occur in practice and not in the games. Thirty-five states now have different types of laws that make it so players cannot return to the game until they have medical clearance if they are playing on school properties. As of right now, too many high school students are returning to the field too soon after sustaining a concussion, which could increase the potential for the athlete to receive permanent brain damage. A study conducted from 2005-2008 showed that 41% of players are returning to the field too soon. If a player receives a concussion or they believe the player may have a concussion, the rule states that if the player suffers from one or more of the symptoms for more than 15 minutes, they could be sidelined until they are symptom free for a week. The biggest and probably scariest statistic is that 16% of high school players who have lost consciousness after receiving a concussion have returned to the field the same day. This could become very dangerous and lead to fatalities if this continues to happen. Not enough high schools have certified trainers in concussions and only 42% of schools have certified trainers. By not have certified trainers, the schools are putting the athletes in danger because they won’t be told if they have a concussion and one more blow to the head could end their career or life. Concussions can be dangerous because it can slow down blood and oxygen from reaching the brain. This can cause players to become sluggish and not know what is going on in the game and can lead to other injuries or even more concussions. A neurosurgeon and concussion expert believes that someone who has a mild concussion for the first time should even be out of the game until his or her symptoms are gone for a week. The main problem with high school athletes is that they will hide the fact that they have symptoms because they want to keep playing because they love the sport and believe playing through pain makes them better and tougher. In the end, the players should be thinking of their own health and not about going back in the game. With all that said, the NFL and football in general are going to start having a problem marketing the sport. It’s already hard enough to play because equipment and playing fees keeps increasing, but with all these injuries, children are going to stop playing for their own benefit. Parents are beginning to think more and more about letting their kids play certain sports because of all the dangers that come with the territory. They are realizing that it may not be worth having the children potentially get concussions and head injuries along with other injuries that can come from sports. I believe that in the next few years, you will definitely see a drop in participation numbers just for the simple fact that it’s too dangerous a sport. Kids are getting bigger, stronger, and faster with all of today’s technology and supplements, which will lead to harder and bigger hits. They can still market the sport in a positive way by talking about the new technology and equipment, but at the same time people are going to hear about the injuries in the NFL. With the recent suicides of former NFL players, it is clear that something has to be done to help keep players safe and they are going in the right direction, but they still have a lot of research and development to do. It can also become hard to market the sport when you have former superstars and current superstars saying that they wouldn’t let or they wouldn’t want their own children to play because they know first hand how dangerous this contact sport is. There have been fatalities in high school football because athlete’s concussions are going unnoticed and I believe that this is the biggest hurdle the football in general has to overcome. It shows that schools need to get better medical staff and they need to notice when a player has a concussion and keep them out of the game. They also have to teach the athletes to know when something is wrong with them and tell them to not try to play through it because they are just putting themselves in harms way for a serious injury. Football and the NFL definitely have problems, but they are definitely going in the right direction to protect players as much as they can. Whether it is teaching how to hit or new and better equipment or taking kids out of the game after a certain amount of hits, the concussions will eventually start to decrease. I do believe the sport is going to keep losing participation and I also believe that another sport like soccer, basketball, or baseball will pass football as the biggest sport in America. Works Cited Football, USA.Heads Up: Concussion in Football. USA Football. N. p.. Web. 25 Mar 2013. Breslow, Jason. NFL Concussions: The 2012-13 Season In Review. Frontline. N. p. , 1 Feb 2013. Web. 25 Mar 2013. Battista, Judy. N. F. L. Will Expand Concussion Efforts During Games. The New York Times. N. p. , 26 Feb 2013. Web. 25 Mar 2013. McIntyre, Brian. Terry Bradshaw wouldnt let son play football now. NFL. N. p. , 14 Jun 2012. Web. 25 Mar 2013. Mihoces, Gary. Parents weigh risks of youth football amid concussion debate. USA Today. N. p. , 23 May 2012. Web. 25 Mar 2013. Shyr, Luna. NFL Looks to Helmet Technology to Combat Concussions. . N. p. , 1 Feb 2013. Web. 25 Mar 2013. Gregory, Sean. Study: Kids Competing Too Soon After Concussions. Time Magazine. N. p. , 21 Jan 2009. Web. 25 Mar 2013. Press, Associated. Concussions reported in NFL up 21 percent from last season. NFL. N. p. , 13 Dec 2012. Web. 25 Mar 2013. Corbett, Jim. NFL passes new helmet rule, eliminates Tuck Rule. USA Today. N. p. , 21 Mar 2013. Web. 25 Mar 2013.

Critical Analysis of Darkness at Noon by Harold Krents Essay -- Darkne

Critical Analysis of Darkness at Noon by Harold Krents In "Darkness at Noon", Harold Krents vividly describes some of the everyday prejudices disabled citizens must face. Presented in an often humorous fashion, the author opens the reader’s eyes to the cruel ironies of society’s preconceived and inaccurate judgments, and their long reaching effects on his life. Krents begins his essay by pointing out to the reader that he cannot see himself, and thus, often has to depend upon the viewpoints of others. He states: "To date it has not been narcissistic." The average reader may not be aware that the word "narcissistic" means, "Excessively in love with oneself." It is helpful for the reader to keep this first observation in mind as he continues through the article, and hears Krent’s descriptions of society’s viewpoints. Krents points out three particular judgments that are often passed on him by the public. "There are those who assume that since I can’t see, I obviously cannot hear" then, "†¦others know that of course I can hear, but believe that I can’t talk" and finally "The toughest misconception of all is the view that because I can’t see, I can’t work." It is surely an unfortunate irony, that the disabled citizen must not only deal with his own burdens, but also, the imaginary ones placed upon him by society. Krents supports his statements using appealing illustrative stories with effective imagery. Krent’s chooses to use words which are effective, and relay a definite scene to the reader. Some examples are: "†¦enunciating each word very carefully", "..if the dread word is spoken, the ticket agent’s retina will immediately detach†¦"and "†¦my saint-like disposition deserted me†¦I finally blurted out†¦" He creates i... ...is not even present. Krent’s other recollections are also effective. They all work together to demonstrate the unfounded fears and misconceptions of some members of society. Krent’s mistake is attributing the opinions of a misled few to those of the entire nation. Although the reader is moved by Krents many stories and examples, the lack of objectivity in the essay leaves the reader with doubts. Krent’s theme - that if handicapped persons were viewed fairly their disability would be not be apparent- is one that the reader is aware of and wants to believe in. Yet, Krent’s own pessimistic tones overshadow the greater good. The reader is left with the unpalatable feeling that this essay may be nothing more than a very unconfident and dissatisfied man, attempting to pin his disappointments and failures on society, so that he may feel better about himself.

Coffee Shops Essay

~Learning Issues~ 1. To describe consumers’ decision making in different market segments when they choose retailers of coffee using CDP. 2. To identify additional research that should be conducted to validate assumption about consumer decisions at each stage of the CDP model. 3. To learn how to organize marketing program should be provide for our customers after recognize their decision making process. 4. To see the impact of brand positioning to the consumers decision making. 5. To recommend marketing strategy after learn about consumers decision making process. 1. 0 Summary 2. 0Problem Identification Figure 1: Crimson Cup market segments As a wholesaler of coffee and tea and a provider of marketing programs to independent coffee shops and retailers, CrimsonCup has experienced growth over the past decade and is within range of becoming the nation’s second- or third-largest alternative to Starbucks. Figure 1 show about the segmentation of the Crimson Customers which divided into primary customers and ultimate customers. Primary customers are the independent coffee shops, grocery and restaurant. However the ultimate customers are divided into two groups; first is the consumers that buy the coffee from the primary customers and brewing at home; second is the consumers go to the coffee shops to drink coffee. The important of understanding of the ultimate customers are very important because the demand of the primary customers comes from the demand of ultimate customers as consumers. This company branding mission has focused on creating the independent retailer as the brand, rather than the product supplier. The CrimsonCup brand is featured on packaged coffee sold by retailers for office or home consumption, on mugs and cups provided to retailers and in some other promotional materials, and the firm is now considering the issue of weather it should be more aggressive in its promotion of the CrimsonCup or Coffee for Independent Thinkers brands as well as how best to develop its strategy of helping the independent coffee shops it serves. In understanding of the consumers’ wants and need, they search for many information and from the case, there is one consumer research already give some result about coffee consumption that made the university students or people that closely related to the university environment as focus group. The information get from this research need some additional approval from others finding to made their assumption about the behavior of the consumers to the Crimson Cup product or information related to the coffee consumption will be more meaningful to understand the attitudes of the consumers. By using the consumer decision making model, we are trying to analyze the consumer behavior in consuming coffee and make our recommendations about what strategy should be focus by this company and to suggest some alternatives to solve their problems and to get more opportunities in this industry. 3. 0Analysis We are using the consumers’ decision making model to analyze the consumer behavior of this company. 3. 1Market Segmentation Evaluation The differences of consumers in making decision will make them divided into difference segments in the market. Before we continue to discuss about the consumer decision making process that shows in figure 2, we underline first the environmental influences and individual differences because this two elements in the CDP’s model will be important to most of part in the consumer decision making process. Environmental Influences We found that the environmental influences for this product are culture, family and situation: 1. Culture: The customer segments in this case change over the past year. The American coffee culture brought on by an insurgence of gourmet coffee retailers and than evolved to a point where â€Å"getting a coffee, going out for coffee, is our little space in the workday to call our own†. The evolution of the culture show that how important of coffee in the American culture and they consume it anytime that more than just take the coffee in their breakfast early in the morning. 2. Family: From the research, one of important factors that influence purchasing decision is recommendation from family or friends. 3. Situation: The consumption of coffee in this market segments can also influence by occasion factor means when the whether at that time in winter, they will take more coffee rather than during summer. Figure 2: Consumer Decision Process Model Individual Differences 1. Consumer resources will make individual influences because the consumers in this case have different resources especially time, students or people that working in the university will have limited time to spend for searching location for the coffee shops. They will choose the nearer shops to take a little break to make them fresh. For the money resources, they are not constraint of it because from the research price is at sixth factor that encourage them to buy the coffee and seventh factors that discouraged them to not take it. We can predict that, the consumers in this coffee drink market are not price sensitive because of enough money resources. 2. Attitudes: The beliefs and feeling that more on quality and convenience place when they consume the coffee will make differences to their individual factors. Percent Beliefs and feeling 1. 58 Regularly buy coffee at coffee shop said coffee shops offer better-quality coffee. 2. 33 They think coffee shops sell better coffee than those of their competitors 3. 37 Purchase their coffee at coffee shops instead brewing it at home normally goes to the closest one. 4. Personality: person that need more energy and have busy lifestyle will take more coffee rather than people that consume it because of social activities like to spend time with their friends with coffee. 3. 2Need Recognition Consumers in the coffee market will start recognize that they need to take a cup of coffee at least when there is environmental influences occurs, when their mind set that they must take coffee as the term as ‘consumption norms’ in their culture, they will need to take it anytime. That is the reason why the American will take coffee not only in the morning like Malaysian in their breakfast but anytime when it crosses to their mind. They also will take coffee more in the winter season because their need to make themselves hot and tasty, as well as the routine and tradition of sharing a drink with friends as a social event. For individual differences, the need of the student and people in the university will be differences each of them depends on their psychological affect that when they want to have energy or avoid sleepy when they doing their work, they have to take a coffee. The need recognition for this group will be high when they have many assignments that must be done every time and have to stay up at night. 3. 3Search When the consumers had need recognition process in their mind, they will start with making internal search. In their memory will have some information when they are exposing and have retention to some coffee brand before in their mind. Marketer must stimuli the consumer memory with their activity and non-marketer also give some conformation in this process that consider as external search. Even from the research said that brand is not factors that really encourage or discourage them to choose the coffee but how the marketers positioning their brand still are important. In this case, the marketers generally make TV commercials, store displays, give free samples in the mall and fliers and newspaper coupons to influence the consumers but approach that use by the Crimson Cup to position their product using: 1. Their position statement is â€Å"coffee for Independent Thinkers† as approval to consumers that they will get quality drinks in a clean and friendly environment. From the report said, â€Å"People see ‘coffee for independent Thinkers’ and come in to the coffee house. They like the message. † 2. The Crimsoncup believe that quality can make consumers perceive more better to their product and because of that, they offer quality coffee bean that: Have Fair Trade Certified Organic coffee are certified by USDA (Quality Certification Services) Signature blends. Flavored coffees in light, medium, and dark roasts with Class I Specialty Grade Coffee. Non-marketer also will stimuli them because in this case, word-of-mouth from other people experience will influence them to get information about a new coffee house. Recommendation from family and friends also will influence them to choose the coffee shops. The more effective stimuli expose to the consumer the more intention the brand will be keep it the memory of the consumers. 3. 4Pre-Purchase Evaluation of Alternatives Again this process will influence by environmental influences and individual differences. If they have and experience before with satisfaction after consume the coffee drink, positive reinforcement will be happened to encourage them to use this information in the pre-purchase evaluation alternatives process. But the most important element here is the influence or recommendation from the family and friends to choose the coffee shops or to buy the coffee brands. Here, factor that encourage and discourage will be play in the consumer mind while making evaluation. Research finding is like table 1 and table 2 that mention about factors encourage and discouraged consumers to return to the coffee shops. Table 1: Factors encourage consumers to return to the store Factor Description Score 1. Location Highest score show that the consumers prefer to choose the closest store/shops. 6. 6 2. Taste – 6. 43 3. Atmosphere When going for social reason, atmosphere is important, but less when going alone. 6. 04 4. Price Ranked fifth 5. 19 5. Brand For a favored brand was a reason to purchase coffee for office or home use. 4. 95 Table 2: Factors discourage consumers to return to the store Factor Description Score 1. Taste Highest score 6. 90 2. Price Ranked fourth 6. 00 3. Brand. Brand ranked low as a reason for choosing a store or determining frequency of visits to the store. 4. 56 Even the locations the first choice but the reason of consumers will return to the store are combination of taste, price and location. Speed of service was also mentioned as a factor when deciding to go. 3. 5Purchase When they purchase the coffee, the factors that will attract them to come to the shop are the location and the quality that they will receive from the shop like the taste of coffee as the second encourage factors and also clean and friendly environment. From the report of the Crimson Cup Independent retailers said ‘People see ‘Coffee for Independent Thinkers’ and come in to the coffee house. They like the message’. This shows the success of the retailers to attract the consumers using the brand slogan and the services that will provide clean and friendly environment. 3. 6Consumption From the research found that the most positive items sometimes bought at a coffee shop were breakfast food such as list in table below: Table 3: others items buy in coffee shop. Food Percentage 1. 2. 3. 4. Bagel and muffins Sweets (cookies and cakes) Chai tea Not ever purchase other items 55 14 8 13 Because of the culture of American like coffee, so there is no special time for them to get a cup of coffee but for the students, the probability is drinking coffee early in the morning to boost energy before start work or at night to retain and maintain energy to stay up doing assignment until early in the morning. 3. 7Post-consumption Evaluation. From the case, if they have a bad experiences to the coffee they will make punishment with tell others consumer to not take the coffee at that shop but when they have positive experience they will came again. The research finding tell us that taste of the coffee will be the second important factors why they choose the coffee drinks and the first factor they not return to the coffee shops. So, even location will be the first factor to encourage them to come again to the shops but the taste still be most important as the first things that should be focus by the Crimsoncup to maintain the product quality. Quality is more refer to the taste and the convenience is more refer to the location. The level of satisfaction is encourage by this both factors that make the consumers perceive they receive a good quality product at the right location plus with quality extra services in clean and friendly environment. 3. 8Divestment They did not mention about anything for this process. We will suggest them to make research to identify some information like what the customers do with the bean if they brew it at home, the packaging and maybe the cup to serve the coffee. This information can be use by Crimson Cup to complete building an effective marketing strategy. 4. 0SWOT analysis of Crimson Cup coffee From the case, we analysis their company using SWOT analysis like figure below: Strength Weaknesses Statistics shows that small prepared coffee retailers are growing faster than the mighty Starbucks. Crimson Cup is has specialize in this industry by served independent coffee houses, teaching independent coffee shop owners the skills needed to operate a viable and competitive business. Greg Ubert as a founder of this company is the author of ‘The Seven Steps to Success: A Common Sense Guide to Succeed In Specialty Coffee’. We see this directly to share skills and information with the independent coffee shops retailers but indirectly influence the consumers that they will get quality services from the coffee shops. They have their own website that can search from website address www. forindependenthinkers. com or www. crimsoncup. com . Its expert baristas have opened well over hundred coffee shops around the country. Its starts-up program includes every things needed to operate independently without the constraints of franchise agreements. The coffees that they serve have quality certification like we discuss at the previous chapter. The slogan ‘Coffee for Independent perceive positively by the consumers. The Crimson Cup just focus limit their activities on the coffee and not serving bagels and muffins or sweets even there is demand of the item that found from the research. Opportunity Threat Coffee consumption is very important in American cultures There is winter season every year in that country. There is demand for items purchase with coffee in the shops (i. e. : muffins or cookies) . Recommendation from family or friends is one of the five most important factors for influencing purchase. 58% of respondents who regularly buy coffee at a coffee shop said coffee shops offer better-quality coffee and 33% perceive that the coffee quality of this shops better than competitors There are many competitors in coffee industry that serve with multi-style of marketing strategy such as Starbucks. The negative impression of the consumers to the coffee shops will make them distribute the information using word-of-mouth as a punishment or negative reinforcement for them our others consumers. 5. 0Alternatives There are many problems we identify before so the alternatives we provide here will give suggestion to the entire problem that we will use the make effective recommendation in the next chapter. The alternative will be dividing into: Additional research that should be done to make assumption. Brand focus Marketing strategy Marketing program (IMC) 5. 1Additional Research for More Understanding of the Consumer Behavior. After we make analysis, we put the research that had been done and come with the additional research that possible to be done to make more effective assumption for this company target market like table 4 below: Table 4: Consumer Research Stage Process Done Additional 1 Need recognition Environmental influences Culture Family Situation Individual differences Knowledge Attitudes lifestyle Environmental influences Social Class Individual differences Consumer resources Value 2 Search Stimuli (to general finding) Marketer (TV commercial, etc) Non-marketer (word-of-mouth). The research should be done more focus on the Crimson Cup. 3 Pre-purchase evaluation of alternative Factor encourage and discouraged to return to the coffee shops What make consumers satisfied and come again to the coffee shops. 4 Purchase Location Price Nature/quality of assortment Store clientele can be good research because it will be influence by the social culture. 5 Consumption How they consumer When they consume Where they consume How much they consumer? 6 Post-purchase evaluation Dissatisfaction ? (punishment) Satisfaction? Reaction? 7 Divestment There is no research state in this case. How customer’s divest packaging /cups? 5. 2Brand Focus Here is the evaluation of the alternatives for the brand focus; ‘Coffee for Independent Thinkers’ Advantages: 1. Consumers like the statement, ‘Coffee for Independent Thinkers ’. Once they see this slogan shows in the window of the coffee house, they will go in the coffee house. Besides that, those coffee houses which display this slogan on the window of the coffee houses are promise to offer quality drinks in a clean and friendly environment. 2. University students are the group of people that public perceives them as independent thinkers. So, by emphasis on ‘Coffee for Independent Thinkers’ brand, drinking CrimsonCup coffee can be a trend or lifestyle for the students. 3. When consumers see the seal, they know this coffee house is offer good quality coffee and nice environment for them to enjoy the coffee. As a result, ‘Coffee for Independent Thinkers’ slowly becomes the seal of guarantee for quality coffee. This action also fulfills the need of the consumers that the taste of the coffee is the most important reason that makes consumer to come back again. So, when the consumers see the seal ‘Coffee for Independent Thinkers’, 4. Crimson Cup primary customers is the independent coffee shops, other than attracting the consumers, they also can influence the independent coffee shops retailers to perceive positively this brand slogan. 5. The impact of the slogan show from the research that 58% of respondents who regularly buy coffee at a coffee shop said coffee shops offer better-quality coffee and 33% perceive that the coffee quality of this shops better than competitors. Disadvantages 1. Another disadvantages of promoting ‘Coffee for Independent Thinkers’ brand is CrimsonCup brand has exist for a long time. Most of the people know about CrimsonCup brand because anything about the coffee will makes consumers think of CrimsonCup. For example, when we mention about CrimsonCup, consumers will start thinking of a company who sells good quality coffee bean; a company that provide training for those who would like to open a coffee house; a company offer good quality coffee and etcetra. 2. If suddenly the company changes CrimsonCup to ‘Coffee for Independent Thinkers’ brand, consumers will get confused whether this is a new brand or another company cooperate with CrimsonCup. ‘Crimson Cup’ Advantages: 1. It already establish from 1991 and use by the company. Disadvantages: 1. Consumers are not really care about the brand of the coffee when they just simply want to drink coffee. Only those consumers who purchase the coffee mainly for office or home use will care about the brand of the coffee. So, with only focusing on the CrimsonCup, the impact of promotion or advertising activities not give high impact the consumers intention. Under this kind of situation, they will just choose which coffee house is nearer and convenient for them. 2. Consumers has possibility to ranked this brand quality is same like competitors. 5. 3Marketing Strategy To overcome with the marketing strategy, we divide the alternatives with 4 P’s. For these alternatives, we are using push strategy to encourage the demand from the consumers and pull strategy to encourage the primary customers to run their own activities that can encourage the increasing of sales. 5. 3. 1Price strategy Pricing strategy for the primary customers: Alternative 1: Allowance Alternative 2: Discount Here are the alternatives for the consumers (ultimate customers) Alternative 1: Membership price. Membership price usually entitle for primary customer who purchase constantly and loyal customers. Most of them are independent coffee shop or restaurant. Here customers need to fill in the membership form. This membership duration can last for one year. Crimson Cup provide them special price and keep their purchasing track record. For ultimate customers, every time they purchase at our coffee shop they have to present the membership card and membership number, so they are entitle for 8% discount for each cup of coffee. Each time they purchase by using the membership card they can collect the points and redeem it at our coffee shop. Other than that the advantage being a membership of CC is; based from the track record and base from the personal details we have, we will appreciate our customer during their birthday by giving them birthday coupon and they can redeem it at our coffee shop. Alternative two: Quantity discount Crimson Cup chooses by giving an ‘extra amount’ is one of the good idea to encourage customer to buy in large amount especially independent coffee shop. Every 2kg customers will enjoy 200grms extra. Customer pays for 2kgs price but enjoy 2200grms coffee. From 200grms coffee can cover at least 10 cups of coffee and coffee shop can gain an extra profit from it. For our coffee shop, customers who order five items in a single receipt worth $70 and above entitle for a regular cup of cappuccino for free. This idea is to encourage customer to come in a big group. 5. 3. 2Product strategy A product is define as anything that can be offered to the market for attention, use or consumption and that might satisfy a want or need ( Armstrong and Kotler 278). Alternative 1: Crimson Coffee CrimsonCup is a specialty coffee roaster. Their coffee beans are a special blend that Armando created, which is called Armando’s Blend. It’s smooth, no aftertaste, and smells delightfully good and full fill the coffee drinker’s need. Alternative 2: Coffee Cup Coffee can use disposable cup to serve their coffee with Crimson Coffee name and tagline ‘Coffee for Independent Thinkers’. This is because we want customers to drink with passion. The brown color paper with Crimson Coffee name is actually one different layer of paper. The main function of it is actually to absorb hit and cold; meaning that if customers buy some hot drink they can easily hold the brown layer to avoid them from hot especially kids. It is also same if they buy cold drink, the brown layer is use to absorb the water so that customer no need to ask for tissue paper. Alternative 3: Paper Bags. Fair Trade is an innovative, market-based approach to sustainable development. Crimson Cup is certified organic and shade grown. This means that the products you buy maintain biodiversity, provide shelter for migratory birds and help reduce global warming. Crimson Cup Coffee use paper bag and the material can easily recycle. At the paper bag stated clearly the Crimson Coffee Brand and tagline ‘Coffee For Independent Thinkers’ . Behind the paper bag consumers can search the map for the nearest Quality Certified stores on the CrimsonCup website. Alternative 4 : Product labeling They should show the Crimson Cup Logo at the packaging of the coffee bean that sell in the grocery or coffee shops. All off the certification they get also should be publish at the packaging or cups and mugs use to serve the coffee. Alternative 5: sell muffins, bagels, cookies and cake. They should sell items like bagels, muffins; cookies and cake because of there are demands of the products that consume together with the coffee. 5. 3. 3Promotion Strategy Making joint venture Making joint venture can be one of the methods for its marketing recommendations. For an example making joint venture with famous fast food companies such as MacDonald in order to put coffee in its menu. Now a day’s making joint venture is one of the ways for companies in order to make themselves more popular like PepsiCo which joint venture with KFC or Lipton. 5. 3. 4Place strategy. Clean, friendly environment because consumers more perceive on quality and convenience. Service delivery if the place is too far. Make a target for the range of shops in one town. 5. 4Integrated Marketing Communication program (IMC) Before we suggest alternatives for the IMC, actually the goals of the marketing program are: 1. To increase more awareness about the Independents coffee shops, grocery, and restaurant those serves the coffee from Crimson Cup or sell the coffee beans from this company. 2. To increase the knowledge of the consumers about the coffee and this activities will stimulate them to come to coffee shops or brewing at home. Alternatives 1:Barista4aDay Contest One of the programs which are launched is Barista4aDay which is a program for coffee lovers as customers (ultimate customers) or even independent coffee shop owners (primary customers). The program is simple. One coffee lover gets to spend a day learning the art of Barista. A Barista is a professional who is highly skilled in coffee preparation, with a comprehensive understanding of coffee, espresso, roast degree and espresso equipment. Point of purchase Try the coffee in front of the coffee shops. Crimson Cup travel to the focus group. Go to university or potential place by lorries. Leader’s opinion 6. 0Recommendation of Strategy After we list the all alternatives for all the problems that we underline in second chapters, we come with the recommendations below in the combination of strategy that will be run to influence the consumers’ decision making process. 4 P’s Price: Alternative 1: Allowance Alternative two: Quantity discount Product: Alternative 1: Crimson Coffee Alternative 2: Coffee Cup Alternative 4: Product labeling Alternative 5: sell muffins, bagels, cookies and cake. Promotion: Making joint venture. Package to make them try the muffin as new product Place: Clean and friendly environment. IMC (annual program) Baristas4aDay with personality Research Store clientele 7. 0Plan of action Program Responsible Duration Description 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 8. 0Contingency Plan 4 P’s Price: Alternative 1: Discount during winter season Alternative two: Quantity discount Product: Alternative 1: Crimson Coffee Alternative 2: Coffee Cup Alternative 4: Product labeling Promotion: Place: Clean and friendly environment. IMC (annual program) Point of purchase at the store Word of mouth by a leader 9. 0Conclusion. Consumer decision making model is very useful to analyze the behavior of consumers start from need recognition process until the divestment process. But, to get information for the every step or process in the model, some research should be run because research will supply more reliable and valid information to make our assumption more accurate. The assumption will be use to make prediction to the consumers decision making and this information are useful when the marketer trying to strategize their marketing programme or marketing activities to supply the products that can really transfer value the consumers. Reference: Blackwell, Miniard and Engel (2006), Consumer Behavior, 10th Ed. , Thompson, Southwestern Kotler, P. (2006) Marketing Management 12th edn. , Upper Saddle River, New Jersey; Perentice Hall. Kotler, P and Gary Armstrong (2006). Principles of Marketing 11th edn. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA: Prentice-Hall Inc http://www. wikipedia. com http://www. mplans. com http://www. forindipendentthinkers. com.

Family vs. Law Essay

Family, an important theme of life, gets expressed throughout many ways in society. Family may take precedence over many things, including authority and the law. Within the tragic play, Antigone, the author Sophocles presents situations where the characters have to choose between their family and the law. The characters must choose what is more important to them, their family or obeying the laws of Thebes. Throughout the play, Sophocles presents a strong theme of family values and the importance of it through the actions of Antigone, Creon and Haimon. Antigone, placed in many situations throughout the play, has to choose between her family and the law. Antigone chooses to honor her brother, Polyneces, by burying him even though she will break the law by doing so. Antigone asks her sister Ismene to help bury their beloved brother, but when Ismene says no, Antigone responds by saying, â€Å"But as for/ me/ I will bury the brother I love† (Prolouge. 192). Antigone chooses to honor her brother and risk breaking the law because family means more to her. Antigone puts her family first, presenting her as a selfless person. Along with the risk of breaking the law, Antigone also risks her death. Once Creon tells Antigone of her punishment after finding out she buries Polyneces, she has to decide whether or not burying her brother is worth it. After Creon tells Antigone of his plan for her, she says, â€Å"This death of mine/ is of no importance; but if I had left my brother/ lying in death unburied, I should have suffered. / Now I do not† (SceneII. 208). Antigone shows Creon that he cannot stop her from saving her family by trying to punish her with death. Antigone chooses to help her family and stand up for them, even when faced with death. Sophocles shows Antigone as a brave person by denouncing Creon’s rules and saving her brother. Through Antigone’s actions, Sophocles shows how he favors family over authority and the law. Sophocles expresses his devotion to family throughout Creon’s actions in the tragic play. Prior to Creon’s initial decision to let Antigone die, the Choragos convinces him to let her go free. Creon, reluctant at first, listens to the Choragos and says to them, â€Å"It is hard to deny the heart! † (SceneV. 235). Creon knows deep down inside that he will be doing the right thing by letting Antigone go free. Although Creon wants Antigone to pay for breaking the law, his family ties with her prove to out shine his devotion to the law. As Creon orders the Choragos on what weapons to bring, he says, â€Å"I buried her, I/ Will set her free† (SceneV. 236). Creon realizes that his family ties with Antigone mean more to him than justice and he wants her to know that by freeing her himself. Creon wants to prove to Antigone that he does care about her safety and her future so he will set her free so she can go on living her life with Haimon. Although Creon decides to free Antigone partly out of guilt, he mostly does it because of her love for her. Sophocles shows throughout the tragic play that he prefers family over the law through the actions of Creon. Sophocles shows his devotion to family over the law by the actions of Haimon. Haimon has to decide whether to fight for his wife’s life or obey his father. Haimon, driven mad by the situation he has at hand, decides to kill himself after he finds out Antigone has done the same. The messenger delivers the horrible news to the Choragos and says, â€Å"Haimon is dead; and the hand that killed him/ Is his own hand† (Exodos. 239). If he cannot live with Antigone, then Haimon does not want to live at all. Haimon’s devotion and love for Antigone is stronger than his will to obey the law. Even as Haimon â€Å"died/ He gathered Antigone close in his arms again,† (Exodos. 241). By having Haimon’s last moves before his death be hugging his wife one last time, Sophocles shows that family takes precedence over the law through Haimon’s selfless acts. Haimon wants to show to everyone, especially his father, that his love for Antigone overrules everything else, particularly the laws that Creon creates. Throughout Haimon’s actions in the play, Sophocles shows that family means more to him than the law. Throughout Antigone, Sophocles shows that his strong devotion to family overrides authority and the law. Sophocles proves this to the reader through the actions of Antigone, Creon and Haimon and the choices that they make throughout the play. Even at the face of death, Antigone chooses to honor her brother over obeying the law as a way of showing Sophocles’ devotion to family. Prior to Creon’s original decision to kill Antigone, he changes his mind and decides to spare her life to exemplify Sophocles’ loyalty to family life. Haimon chooses to spare his own life to support his wife and rebel against the laws his father creates to prove Sophocles’ commitment to family. Sophocles shows that his devotion to family overrides the law by the situations and decisions Antigone, Creon and Haimon make. Not just in the play Antigone, but even in the world today, family values have high precedence over the laws and rules created to follow.

Complete Guide on How to Write a Logistics Essay Coherently

Complete Guide on How to Write a Logistics Essay Coherently Writing a logistics essay is one of many other assignments students need to write if they want to hold a degree. They have this writing assignment because it helps them to understand the key principles of transporting things such as goods to the place where they are needed. Besides, this type of essay can be required not only of those who major in Logistics, but also of those who study Business Management, Supply Chain Management, or even Business Technology since these fields may include the rapid transportation of products as an effective strategy of running a business. So what to do if you’re assigned with logistics essay writing? Keep calm! Yes, you’ll need to make considerable efforts to achieve the desired result an A/A+ paper. Different aspects of logistics can be offered you to write on in your essay. Logistics learns the processes of organizing product distribution and creating plans that ensure effective product placement. Besides, you can draw on international and domestic transportation, shipping, and logistics systems. A significant number of students from different directions should write this type of essay with the aim of strengthening their skills in logistics and inventory management. What is more, since the logistics essay is one of the forms of academic essay, you should strictly follow its structure to receive a high mark. In the meantime, know: How to choose a topic relevant for your essay writing; What types of essays exist in the academic field; How to get started writing a logistics essay, etc. How to Choose a Topic So That It Will Be Interesting to Write on This part of writing a logistics essay is very important because the success of the entire paper depends on a topic you choose. It can be explained by the fact that if you select a broad topic, your essay will be too general. Therefore, you should choose the topic for your logistics essay carefully. Usually, your professor may provide you with a list of topics. Alternatively, you have to choose a good logistics essay topic on your own. The following fields of logistics are appropriate for your future essay: Supply chain strategy; Global transportation; Warehouse management; Materials handling; International logistics; The topic of your essay should correspond to your level of knowledge. For instance, if you choose to describe the central principles of logistics, you have to present the basic concepts of product distribution, methods of transportation, and traffic management techniques. Besides, you can also draw on protective packaging, inventory control, and customer service. On the contrary, if you select warehouse management as the topic for your logistics essay, you will have to show how to manage changing logistics systems or how to implement changes in order to create a more efficient process. As a result, one may state that the second topic is much more complicated than the first one, and as a consequence, it requires much more efforts in order to precisely cover all its aspects. Moreover, there is a method that is likely to help you to choose a topic for your essay brainstorming, which is a multifunctional technique that can not only assist you in selecting a topic, but will also help you organize and plan the entire essay. The central idea of this technique is to get as many thoughts as possible down on the paper with the help of timed writing sessions. In general, in order to save time, you may organize your ideas using a list or bullet points. When you have been just assigned to write a logistics essay, you start thinking about possible topics, and therefore, you should start brainstorming in that second. When you have finished writing your ideas, you have to peruse the list of ideas and choose the most interesting of them. What Types of Essay You Can Be Asked to Deal with Before you start writing the essay, you have to select the manner of presentation of the selected topic. Since there are plenty of essay types, the information can be conveyed in different ways. Commonly, there are four types of logistics essay, in particular descriptive, definition, compare/contrast, and argumentative. 1. Descriptive Logistics Essays This type of essay requires you to describe the concept, method, or strategy of the selected subject. Therefore, you should create a written account of a certain experience. If you choose â€Å"International logistics† as your topic, you should describe the concept of international logistics, and as a consequence, you may draw on general ideas of the system that manages the forward and reverse movement of materials into, through, and out of an international organization. Hence, you should describe each detail of the process mentioned before using a list-like description in order to demonstrate each point. In addition, you can present this system by using the example of some companies that supply their products across the border. As a result, the central idea of this type of essay is to present as many details as possible. 2. Definition Logistics Essays The definition logistics essay should define the term, concept, or method within the field of logistics by providing a personal commentary of what the particular matter means. Therefore, you should recognize the subject’s key aspects in order to start writing definition logistics essay. For example, if you want to define material handling, you should claim that it is the protection, movement, control, and storage of products and materials throughout production, storing, distribution, consumption, and annihilation. In addition, you can define each process mentioned earlier. That is why this type of essay should be accurately detailed and well-explained. 3. Comparison/Contrast Logistics Essays If you select the warehouse management as the topic subject for the comparison/contrast logistics essay, you may describe the warehouse management in different companies or countries. Therefore, at first, you have to identify and explain at least three primary points two or more companies/countries have in common. Furthermore, you should demonstrate the similarities and differences between the selected points. It means that you have to investigate the warehouse management of all selected companies or countries to provide the reader with relevant and accurate information. Consequently, this type of essay requires in-depth research so that you could be able to support your arguments accurately. 4. Argumentative Logistics Essays The primary aim of this type of essay is to investigate a topic with the help of collection, generation, and evaluation of evidence, and therefore, at the end of the argumentative essay, you should establish a position on the topic in a concise way. The argumentative logistics essay requires extensive research in order to support each point clearly. For example, if you choose global transportation as the topic for your logistics essay, you may investigate its advantages and disadvantages to suggest some probable improvements. Hence, when you present an argument, you should support it with the help of study or research. Besides, you may conduct an empirical research by collecting data through interviews, observations, surveys, and even experiments. If you choose to perform your own research, you will receive priceless experience and investigate the topic deeper. However, you should inform the professor of your intentions in order to prevent any misunderstanding. Despite the fact that all of the types of essay mentioned before are different, all of them have some common features and requirements. For example, you have to use a clear and concise language while writing the essay. It means that you should choose the words carefully considering their relevance to describe the object accurately. Furthermore, you should avoid using personal pronouns because it is not appropriate in an academic essay. In addition, each of the essays presented above has a particular structure, which consists of an Introduction, Main Body, and Conclusion. How to Start Writing the Logistics Essay The earlier you start writing, the better result you will receive the truth checked by many real professionals in writing. You may apply the technique which is called brainstorming. With the help of this technique, you will be able to collect all your ideas. Apart from that, when you have finished creating the list of ideas, you should outline the entire paper. Consequently, you will know what to write in each paragraph. As a result, if you apply at least these two techniques, your further writing process will be much easier and faster. How to Structure the Logistics Essay Properly As it was mentioned before, each type of essay has the same structure, which consists of an introduction, main body, and conclusion. However, each essay has its peculiarities; for example, an argumentative logistics essay should contain the bare facts, which are supported by study or research. What is more, each argument has to be described in detail in order to present the selected topic accurately. Usually, an argumentative essay consists of five paragraphs, such as an introductory paragraph, three body paragraphs with some evidence, and a logical conclusion. However, the professor may ask you to write a long argumentative essay to check your understanding of the selected topic. Additionally, you may have to discuss the credibility of selected sources and present various viewpoints on the issue before concluding the essay. Hence, different types of essay have some distinct peculiarities, which have to be considered while choosing the type of logistics essay writing. Title Is What Your Logistics Essay Starts with A compelling title is important because it is the first point that every reader looks at. Therefore, you have to create a title which will represent the topic of the logistics essay to the fullest extent. The following titles are good examples. If you want to choose â€Å"International logistics† as your topic, stick to the next possible titles for essays: The Key Principles of International Logistics That Differ from Local Logistics International Logistics Strategies: What Is the Most Effective for the Globalized World? The United States Logistics Channels: Frequency of Access The Key International Logistics Stages Are Essential to Pass Through; Moreover, you can make your logistics essay more specific if you focus on a particular country or region. Introduction Comes First an an Important Part to Attract the Reader The central purpose of this part in an essay is to present the background information on the selected topic. Besides, it should grab the readers’ attention and increase the interest to read the essay to the end. In general, the introductory paragraph should not be long and detailed. Its name suggests that it only introduces the topic to the reader. If you choose â€Å"Description of the International Logistics Stages† as a title of your essay, the reader expects to find what stages you’re going to describe. You are not allowed to use any in-text citations in this paragraph. Apart from that, you have to create a thorough thesis statement to expand it further with the help of supporting details. It is one of the most significant elements of the essay since it presents the arguments that you will justify in the main body. Therefore, the introduction should present the central focus of the essay, outline its content, and state the thesis. Main Body of Your Essay Is a Big Deal It is not less important to come up with a well-developed main part than to write a good introduction. Its main purpose is to support the thesis statement mentioned in the introduction. In this part of the logistics essay, you have to present various stages of the international logistics in detail. Moreover, you can demonstrate the viewpoints of different logistics experts to describe the matter from various perspectives. As it was mentioned before, this part of the essay should contain at least three paragraphs. Therefore, three strong arguments should be presented and supported by in-depth research in every main paragraph. What is more, each of those paragraphs should include a topic sentence, supporting sentences, and a concluding sentence. Unlike the introductory paragraph, you are allowed and even encouraged to apply various sources of information to support your arguments precisely. Apart from that, you should use different linking words to make your paper coherent and cohesive . Conclusion to End Logically Your Logistics Essay The concluding part of the logistics essay should restate the thesis statement and summarize the main ideas expressed in the body. While writing the argumentative logistics essay, for instance, you have to list all arguments briefly. It is the last chance to convince the reader. Same as in the introducing paragraph, you are not allowed to use in-text citations as well as present new information. How to Refine the Logistics Essay The best way to hone your logistics essay is to read it again and again to the effect that you can say, â€Å"It sounds and look pretty well†. It would be better if you reread the essay in a few days. That way, it would help you to look at the essay content from a fresh perspective. It means that you will be able to spot more possible mistakes. Therefore, you have to start writing your essay beforehand in order to have enough time for proofreading. However, most students (you may be no exception) tend to procrastinate till the last minute. Luckily, it is not just you who can read out your paper quickly and professionally. This another person is supposed to have the strong writing and proofreading skills. You may ask your friends or even parents to read your essay to understand whether it is coherent and cohesive. If you doubt in your or someone’s proofreading skills, take or suggest taking the test. Don’t be afraid of asking an outside person whether the overall essay is interesting and easy to read. By doing so, you can add some additional examples to make it better or specific. Consequently, if you apply most of these recommendations, you will be able to eliminate most of mistakes made by an average student. Be an excellent student in your college!

What Are NCAA Divisions Division 1 vs 2 vs 3

What Are NCAA Divisions Division 1 vs 2 vs 3 SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Generally speaking, NCAA divisions separate schools by the level of competition and the resources of their athletic departments. Most collegiate sporting events you see on television, from March Madness to the College World Series, are competitions between Division I schools. Division I offers the highest level of competition and Division I schools' athletic departments have the biggest budgets. Division III is the lowest level of competition in the NCAA, and Division III schools tend to have the smallest athletic department budgets. In this article, I'll break down the differences between NCAA divisions to give you a better idea of what separates Division I, II, and III schools. For those of you who wish to participate in intercollegiate athletics, you can get an idea of which division would best suit your interests and abilities. For those of you who don’t want to compete but care about sports, you can use this guide to determine if the division of a college’s sports teams will be a determining factor for you when selecting a college. What Is the NCAA? The NCAA is the National Collegiate Athletic Association. It's the major governing body for intercollegiate athletics. More than 1200 colleges and universities are members of the NCAA. It's a "non-profit" organization whose revenue in 2012-2013 was $912 million. What Are the NCAA's Responsibilities? The NCAA's primary responsibilities are to oversee championships and to enforce and establish rules for its member institutions. Many NCAA rules deal with financial aid for athletes, recruiting, and determining athlete eligibility. Additionally, the NCAA is responsible for changes to the rules of some of the sports that it governs. NCAA member institutions are divided into 3 divisions: Division I, II, and III. For football, Division I is further divided into Football Bowl Subdivision schools (FBS) and Football Championship Subdivision Schools (FCS). The purpose of the divisions is to create parity and a more level playing field in intercollegiate sports. Also, the existence of divisions gives smaller schools with fewer resources the opportunity to compete for championships. There is prestige and publicity associated with competing in NCAA sports, especially at the highest levels in the major sports. For example, Butler, a somewhat unknown school in Indianapolis previously, received $639 million of publicity by reaching the final game of the NCAA men's Division I basketball playoffs in 2010. Colleges want the opportunity for the exposure and prestige that NCAA participation can give them. Generally, the higher the division, the more possible publicity a school can receive through its athletics program. Even at the lower levels, though, NCAA sports programs generate publicity and attract students (and their tuitions) from across the world. Let's go into further depth about each of the NCAA divisions to determine the differences between them. Division I Division I schools have the biggest student bodies, the largest athletic budgets, and the most athletic scholarships. More than 350 schools that field more than 6,000 teams providing opportunities to more than 170,000 student-athletes are members of NCAA Division I. All of the major sports conferences, including the SEC, Big 10, Pac 12, and ACC are composed of Division I schools. Ivy League Institutions are Division I, but they don't offer athletic scholarships. The Ivy League schools are Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Harvard, the University of Pennsylvania, Princeton, and Yale. Rules for Division I Schools The NCAA sets standards for its member institutions to meet in order for a school to reach or maintain Division I status. These rules are set to ensure competitive balance and gender equity. Also, there are specific rules for football and basketball. Because those are the sports that generate the most revenue, they're more closely monitored, and the disparity between the haves and have-nots in those sports is much greater. Division I schools have to sponsor at least seve sports for men and seven sports for women (or six for men and eight for women). Each playing season (fall, winter, and spring) has to be represented by each gender. For sports other than football and basketball, Division I schools must play 100% of the minimum number of contests against Division I opponents. Anything over the minimum number of games has to be 50% Division I. Men's and women's basketball teams have to play all but two games against Division I teams. Men's basketball teams must play 1/3 of their games in their home arenas. Division I schools must meet minimum financial aid awards for their athletics program, and there are maximum athletic financial aid awards for each sport that a Division I school can't exceed. FBS (Football Bowl Subdivision) The FBS is the highest level of collegiate football. FBS schools participate in bowl games. There is an obscene amount of money in FBS football, so much so that the highest paid FBS coaches make $7 million annually. In 2014, Forbes valued the University of Texas football team at $131 million. FBS teams have to meet minimum attendance requirements. An FBS team must average 15,000 people in actual or paid attendance per home game. Attendance requirements must be met once in a rolling two-year period. In 2014, average attendance for an FBS home game was 44,190. If a team can't even average 15,000 people, most likely it can't be competitive with other FBS teams. There are both public and private colleges in the FBS. Examples of private FBS schools include Stanford, Notre Dame, Duke, and Northwestern. Examples of public FBS schools include Alabama, Oklahoma, UCLA, and Michigan. The University of Alabama football team having some fun with President Obama FCS (Football Championship Subdivision) FCS is the next highest level of collegiate football after FBS. FCS schools participate in an NCAA-run championship. FCS teams do not need to meet minimum attendance requirements, but just so you can compare the attendance figures with those of FBS schools, the 2014 average FCS home game attendance was 7,666. Examples of FCS private schools include Harvard, Princeton, Dartmouth, and Colgate. Examples of FCS public schools include Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, UC Davis, North Dakota State University, and Illinois State University. Division II Almost 300 schools are part of Division II. Division II schools still offer athletic scholarships, but there are fewer scholarships than in Division I. Full athletic scholarships are more common in Division I; most Division II athletes receive partial athletic scholarships. The schools and athletic department budgets are smaller in Division II than in Division I. While Division I schools often travel nationally to compete, regional rivalries dominate the schedules of Division II. Examples of Division II schools include UCSD, University of West Florida, Northern Michigan University, Oklahoma Baptist University, and Valdosta State University. Rules for Division II Schools Just like for Division I schools, the NCAA sets standards for Division II schools in order to maintain competitive balance, opportunities for all athletes, and gender equity. Division II schools have to sponsor at least five sports for men and five for women (or four for men and six for women), with two team sports for each gender, and each playing season represented by each gender. Each sport has contest and participant minimums. Football and men's and women's basketball must play at least 50% of their games against Division II, FBS, or FCS opponents. Unlike Division I, there are no attendance requirements for football or arena game requirements for basketball. There are maximum financial aid awards for each sport. Division III Division III is the largest of all of the NCAA divisions. In Division III, there are 444 institutions and more than 170,000 student-athletes. A key difference in Division III is that there are no athletic scholarships. However, a majority of the athletes are on some form of academic or need-based aid. Also, there are shorter practice hours and less travel for games in D III. In Division III, the emphasis is on the value of competing in sports to the participant. There is less of a focus on generating revenue or creating events for spectators. Examples of Division III schools include Babson College, California Institute of Technology, Emory, Eastern Connecticut State University, and the University of Rochester. Cal Tech, home of The Big Bang Theory's Sheldon Cooper, is a Division III school. Rules for Division III Schools The rules for Division III are designed to maintain gender equity and to ensure that schools offer a minimum number of opportunities to all athletes. Division III schools have to sponsor at least five sports for men and five for women, with two team sports for each gender, and each playing season represented by each gender. There are contest and participant minimums for each sport. Major Differences Between Divisions Division I is the most prestigious, has the most money, and the highest caliber of athletes. Division I schools also are the largest on average. Division II still offers scholarships, but there are fewer, and Division II schools typically have fewer athletic department funds and fewer sports teams than Division I schools. There are an average of 18 sports at Division I schools and 15 at Division II. Division III offers no athletic scholarships, tends to have the lowest level of competition, but the highest number of participants across all divisions. Division III schools offer an average of 18 sports per school. Also, Division III has the highest average percentage of the student body participating in sports. Here's a breakdown by the numbers of these differences between NCAA divisions. Generally, the biggest disparities between divisions are in the traditional revenue generating sports of football and men's basketball. While the average attendance of a home football game at an FBS school is over 44,000, the average attendance of a home football game at a Division III school is less than 2,000. Many FBS head coaches receive multi-million dollar salaries. Meanwhile, many Division III head football coaches also have teaching positions at their colleges to supplement their incomes. It's important to note that just because a school is in a lower division doesn't mean that its student body doesn't care about sports or that the school is not as concerned with its athletes. Many Division II and III schools have passionate fan bases, especially in the high profile sports and for teams that regularly compete for championships. Other Intercollegiate Sports Associations Besides the NCAA, there are two other governing bodies for intercollegiate sports, the NAIA and the NJCAA. The National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics, or the NAIA, has about 300 member institutions. NAIA schools are smaller and have relatively low athletic department budgets, roughly on par with Division III schools. However, unlike NCAA Division III, NAIA schools do offer athletic scholarships. Examples of NAIA schools include Morningside College, Mayville State University, and Florida Memorial University. The NAIA doesn't have the prestige of the NCAA, but it offers an alternative for smaller schools that want to compete. The National Junior College Athletics Association, or NJCAA, is the governing board for sports at two year colleges. Members of the NJCAA can also offer athletic scholarships. Scholarship Limits By Sport and Division For those of you who are hoping to get an athletic scholarship, I'm linking to the following chart to give you an idea of the number of athletic scholarships available for each sport in each division. If you're trying to get an athletic scholarship for college, this chart can inform you of your available opportunities, and you can see the differences in available athletic scholarships by division. Some of these numbers have changed slightly, but they're roughly accurate. You may notice that, for most sports, there aren't an equal number of scholarships available in the same sport in the same division for men and women. The primary reason for this is because the NCAA, for both ethical and legal reasons, wants schools to give roughly the same amount of aid to men and women; because there are so many scholarships for football, there are more maximum scholarships for women in most of the other sports. Also, even though there are more scholarships in some sports at the NJCAA level than at the NCAA level, keep in mind that the scholarships are worth significantly more at the NCAA level because two-year colleges are much cheaper. Finally, on the chart you'll see the term "head count sport" next to some sports. A head count sport can only offer full scholarships. The head count sports are FBS football, Division I basketball, Division I women's gymnastics, and Division I women's volleyball. Most sports aren't head count sports and also offer partial scholarships. Final Note: Each Division Has Advantages and Disadvantages There are pros and cons of each NCAA division, and you can determine which division may be best for you based on your priorities and aspirations. If you are an athlete, you should be realistic about your current skill level, your athletic goals, and your desire to compete. If you want to go to the Olympics or become a professional in your sport, perhaps you should attend a Division I school and test yourself against the top athletes. If you're only being recruited by Division II schools, maybe it's in your best interest to attend one of them and have a better chance to compete, rather than walking on at a Division I school and possibly not getting a chance to participate in a real game. If you're a sports fan, maybe you'd enjoy the environment at Division III sporting events where you can get really close to the action and often for free. Or, maybe you would prefer to go to an FBS school to get the opportunity to be in a stadium with 100,000 other screaming fans and be able to regularly watch your school compete on national television. Ideally, athletics should only be one factor in determining your college decision, and it should be less of a concern to you than academics. However, sports can play a huge role in your collegiate experience. The NCAA division of your school does play a part in determining what your college experience will be like. What's Next? Now that you're familiar with what separates NCAA divisions, you can find a full listing of Division I, II, and III schools by state. Also, if you're an athlete, learn about how the recruiting process works. For the NCAA clearinghouse, find out what SAT scores and ACT scores ou need to qualify. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Environmental Accounting in United Arab Emirates Assignment

Environmental Accounting in United Arab Emirates - Assignment Example This is of significance especially when the company intends to attract new investors and retain shareholders by confirming confidence in its stability and transparent management practice. Globally several federal regulations exist targeting to improve the practice of environmental accounting and disclosure of vital information among the business community. These include i. The comprehensive environmental response, compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) 1980 which requires corporate dealing with potentially harmful substances to incur the cost of remediation. ii. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act(RCRA) 1976 which establishes responsibility for monitoring, transportations, treatment, storage and disposal of potentially hazardous substances iii. The clean air Act 1990 which seeks to reduce the amount of harmful gaseous emissions disposed of by corporations (Farouk, Cherian &Jacob 2012, p.1-8) Besides these several other environmental regulations have been developed especially with emerging concern of environmental cost of manufacturing. While in some regions, these are the compulsory requirement the AUE region lags behind in implementation. Being a developing market the region is at the initial stage of implementing good corporate governance practice among stakeholders with voluntary disclosure being embraced by companies that seek to impress investors and shareholders. This report focus on the environmental accounting issues and legal framework for environmental protection provided for in the UAE. The paper will also discuss on the implementation of the disclosure practices in the emerging markets in UAE. The information applied has been collected from secondary sources limited to current practice level and improvement as suggested by regulations. Environmental accounting Effective accounting ensures a reliable flow of transparent, comparable and consistent information about the environmental cost. Within the AUE compliance to financial disclosure is regard ed as a requirement hence a majority of organization provide financial accounting report. Lack of regulation demanding nonfinancial reporting allows management and boards to release information at their discretion. Environmental accounting refers to the process of identifying and creating awareness regarding cost related to maintaining a sustainable ecosystem which in turn helps in identifying techniques to reduce such cost. (Farouk, Cherian &Jacob 2012, p.1-8) Green accounting tools are used to determine environmental cost due to organization operations such as emission of greenhouse gases, depletion of natural resources and environmental degradation. It is the collective social responsibility of the government and business entities to adopt responsible behavior through monitoring eco-system degradation and controlling the occurrence of possible disasters associated with their activities. Corporate environmental reporting through the lens of semiotics This is the first paper obtain ed from ProQuest. The main objective of this study was to analyze the structuring of environmental accounting information by corporate organizations in order to gain the implied report meaning. A report reflects a qualitative survey conducted for selected companies in Malaysia and Australia.